Andrews, Natalie. “On Social Media, Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump Have Different Styles.” Wall Street Journal. July 28,2016.             http://blogs.wsj.com/washwire/2016/07/28/on-social-media-hillary-           clinton-and-donald-trump-take-different-approaches-to-connect-with-            voters/

 

In the Wall Street Journal article “On Social Media, Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump Have Different Styles” written by Natalie Andrews,we learn about the different ways candidates have been communicating through social media. It begins by talking about the use of videos, memes, and tweets. It then goes on to talk about the different tweeting styles from the candidates. Donald Trump tweets himself and tends to say more controversial things while Hillary Clinton has someone else tweet on her behalf and does not show her personality as much. Clinton continues working on her online presence by having her Facebook and Twitter account along with a blog and Snapchat where she addresses Trump’s statements and expands on her own plans.

Natalie Andrews has had experience as a Social Media Director and Editor, Marketing Coordinator, and publisher. Andrews graduated from Utah State University as a communications major and then received her MBA in Marketing from the University of San Diego. Due to the authors many different positions and degrees in the article’s content the article is credible.

This source is a secondary popular source. This source is credible because it was written recently and was written without bias. It was also published in the Wall Street Journal, which is a well-respected newspaper.

This source will be useful for my paper because I plan on talking about how the two candidates use social media and some examples of the different ways they have used it. The article also addressed memes and videos which both candidates and the public use to send messages about the candidates. I also plan on giving examples of how the two candidates have expressed their personalities through their posts and how people have responded.

Borah, Porismita. .”Facebook Use in the 2012 USA Presidential Campaign”. Journal          of Information Technology &          Politicshttps://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/#search/atharp%40udel.edu/157b9ed7462cd66   1?projector=1

 

In chapter eleven “Facebook Use in the 2012 USA Presidential Campaign” Porismita Borah talks about how Mitt Romney and Barak Obama used social media differently. She began the article talking about how three quarters of the electorate have a social media account. She then went on to talk about how adults reported using social media for political purposes. Because Americans are using these sites not only for news but to also share their own opinions, the two candidates utilized the sites in order to enhance their following. The article uses graphs to show the different strategies and explains how they worked in the campaign.

Porismita Borah received her M.S. at Iowa State University and Ph. D. from the University of Wisconsin both in Journalism and Mass Communications. She has been an assistant professor at Maryville University and Washington State University and is now a professor at Washington State University. The author of this chapter is credible because she has done a lot of research and has many degrees in the topic that she is writing about. I was unable to find a date when this article was published but it was discussing the 2012 election so it would not be very important for it to be published recently. This is a scholarly source, and the author writes without bias.

I plan to use this source to demonstrate how important it is for candidates to use social media and to show the different strategies that candidates use on social media. I also plan to tie this source in with another source that I have about Obama using social media than Mitt Romney in this election and showing how his use of social media was more effective. I also plan on using this source to tie into other sources when they talk about how people use social media for their news.

2. Candidates Differ in Their Use of Social Media to Connect with the Public.” Pew Research Centers Journalism Project RSS. http://www.journalism.org/2016/07/18/candidates-differ-in-their-use-of-social-media-to-                 connect-with-the-public/

 

Pew Research Center, 18 July 2016. Web. In the article” Campaigns as a Direct Source of News” the Pew Research Center discusses how candidates Bernie Sanders, Hillary Clinton, and Donald Trump use social media. The article has graphs showing the differences in the amount of tweets and Facebook posts from the three candidates as well as a chart that shows how people have been responding to the candidates’ posts (retweets, shares, and comments.) Along with having statistics this article also has examples of how the candidates have used social media. One example by Hillary Clinton showcases how she used social media (a video specifically on Twitter) to demonstrate the differences between herself and Donald Trump. This article does not have an author listed; all that we know is that it came from the Pew Research Center. The Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan company that aims to inform the public about issues and attitudes in the United States. This is a secondary popular source with a couple primary sources in the article. This is because although the article as a whole is talking about how the different candidates use social media, it also gives examples from Sander’s, Trump’s, and Clinton’s Twitter and Facebook about how they have been using it. This source is credible because it comes form a trustworthy publishing house and provides examples of how the candidates have been using social media by presenting us with Tweets and Facebook posts directly from the candidates. This source is useful for my paper because it shows how people have been interacting with the campaign. The graphs show us how involved people are becoming because they are constantly retweeting or sharing things that the candidates have posted. It demonstrates how social media is becoming a powerful way to campaign. It also provides examples from the candidates’ social media accounts that I can use for primary sources/ multimodal elements.

Green, R. Kay. “The Game Changer: Social Media and the 2016 Presidential Election.” The Huffington                             Post. TheHuffingtonPost.comhttp://www.huffingtonpost.com/r-kay-green/the-                                         game-     changer-social-m_b_8568432.htm

 

, 16 Nov. 2015. In this article, Kay Green talks about the affect that social media has on the public and how candidates in the election use social media. The article discusses how there has been an increase in media spending due to the amount of people influenced by social media. The spending has increased by twenty percent since the 2012 presidential election. Candidates have such an interest in social media because it has the ability to reach a wide audience including minorities and millenials. The article also shares statistics about how social media influences people’s votes along with the fact that people are now beginning to use social media for their news as much as television. Dr. Kay Green is an author, public speaker, marketing consultant, and business expert. She holds a Bachelors and Masters in Business Administration in Marketing. She is a popular speaker who discusses marketing and business topics and has been featured in many magazines such as the Business Review USA and the Houston chronicle. This is a secondary source because it is an article about the influence of social media on presidential campaigns without giving opinions about candidates or anything other than the statistics on social media. This source is credible because the author has multiple degrees in business and writes without bias. I will use this source in the beginning of my research paper because my paper is centered around the idea that candidates use social media to connect with the public and the statistics in the article showcase that.

 

Hong, Sounman, and Daniel Nadler. “Which Candidates Do the                    Public Discuss Online in an Election Campaign?: The Use of                       Social Media by 2012 Presidential Candidates and Its Impact            on Candidate Salience.” Government Information Quarterly .                       http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0740624X12000895

 

The article “Which candidates do the public discuss online in an election campaign?: The use of social media by 2012 presidential candidates and its impact on candidate salience” talks about how social media can effect a candidate’s engagement online. It also addresses some negative ways that social media attempts to influence the public. For instance there have been allegations that candidates have hired firms to create fake accounts in order to increase their number of followers. The article also has tables and graphs that show the more a candidate is mentioned in the media, the more that same candidate is mentioned on Twitter. This creates a cycle getting that same candidate more and more attention from the public. Journalists are also said to take cues from the social media postings and those cues decide what they will report on. Sounman Hong has his Ph. D. from Harvard and has worked in finance, foreign affairs, and media relations. This article is a scholarly source. This is a credible source because the author is qualified and writes without bias. It has been difficult to find a counter argument for my thesis because there really is no denying that social media is becoming a very powerful way for candidates to campaign and effect the election. In this article though it talks about how some of the messages that candidates send with their social media accounts (the number of followers that they have) can be misleading. I would also like to use the fact that journalists seem to report on what is popular on social media which argues more the fact that social media is heavily affecting the campaigns.

Kurtzman, Daniel. “Funniest Presidential Debate Memes.” About Entertainment.         http://politicalhumor.about.com/od/2016-Election/ss/Presidential-Debate-   Memes.htm#step22

 

In the article “Funniest Presidential Debate Memes” on About Entertainment Daniel Kurtzman displays different presidential debate memes. The memes mock Hillary Clinton, Donanld Trump, and the two candidates at once. Although this is a secondary source it also include primary sources (tweets from celebrities.)

Daniel Krutzman used to be a Washington correspondent but now works as a political satirist. The New York Times, Huffington Post, and the San Francisco Chronicle. Krutzman has his bachelor’s degree in political science from the University of California at Davis. Daniel Krutzman is credible because he has been around politics and has worked for many newspapers as a satirist.

   This source will be very useful for my paper. It combines secondary sources and primary sources. The secondary sources are the memes that are from the Internet and the primary sources are the tweets from mostly celebrities displayed on this website. The two of these showcase people’s feelings about the debates and the candidates. I will use the tweets from celebrities as multimodal elements as well as a way to demonstrate how people’s opinions can affect others. The memes will also be used in the paper as multimodal elements but not to showcase how people can be effected, just to show what is out there an what the public is seeing.

Perrin, Andrew. “Social Media Usage: 2005-2015.” Pew Research Center Internet                           Science Tech RSS. http://www.pewinternet.org/2015/10/08/social-                     networking-usage-2005-2015/

 

N.p., 08 Oct. 2015. Web. In this article Andrew Perrin writes for the Pew Research Center about the usage of social media from 2005-2015. He begins by giving us the statistic that 65% of Americans have at least one kind of social media account. As the article goes on Perrin starts to break down how different demographics use social media. For example: woman are more likely than men to use social media, people with some college or a college degree are more likely than those without a degree to use social media and those with higher incomes are also more likely to use these sites. Andrew Perrin is a political sociologist and is currently a professor at University of North Carolina. He received his Ph. D. from University of California-Berkley. Perrin has also written a number of books and papers. This article is a secondary popular source because it gives statistics of social media users without giving opinions or showing any bias. This source is credible because it seems to show now bias and was published by the respected Pew Research Center. The Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan company that aims to inform the public about the issues and attitudes in the United States. I will use this in my paper because it gives an overview how many people use social media and which demographics use it especially. This is important because I am starting my paper with the use of social media and how it is so widely spread. I will use the demographics to talk about how the candidates target certain groups because of their presence on social media.